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Often, our applications have to work in different countries with particular guidelines, languages, currency, number formats, etc. I mean every country may need its own regional settings so every level wants a particular treatment.

The earth spins around itself at the rate of one rotation per 24 hours, it implies that each space on the planet has its midday at a unique time based mostly on the longitude of its location.

In 1884, the International Meridian Conference chose a meridian to be employed as a common zero of longitude and customary of time reckoning all through the world. It resulted within the recommendation of the Greenwich Meridian as the prime meridian. In addition, it has established to have 24 totally different time zones because the earth rotates 360 degrees in 24 hours, 15 degrees longitude every hour. It means every time zone is 15 degrees lengthyitude apart from each other.

The next map can assist us to make clear these criteria:

The Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the primal meridian with zero degrees.
In East of Greenwich (Right), each 15 degrees is a time zone +1 hour.
In West of Greenwich (Left), every 15 degrees is a time zone -1 hour.

In theory, to deal with time zones wouldn't be complicated following earlier criteria and it works properly for all cases. We'd always be able to calculate the native time in anywhere only based mostly on its location, however NOT. Time zones can change:

Countries and territories that cross these artificial lines (shown on the map) decided to draw these ones differently. e.g. China is the largest country with only 1 time zone, however it ought to have 5 time zones.
Some nations set clocks forward by one hour within the spring and set clocks back by one hour in autumn (DST).
Time zones are set by Governments, however governments often change their minds.
What is GMT?
The primal meridian/major time zone.

Greenwich Imply Time or GMT is the clock time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London.

GMT is no longer a time standard.

What's UTC?
A Standard, Not a Time Zone.

Coordinated Common Time or UTC is the primary time customary by which the world regulates clocks. It uses highly exact atomic clocks combined with the Earth’s rotation.

This is the successor to GMT.

What's a Time Zone?
A time zone is a geographic region the place the same commonplace time is used (real place on the surface of the Earth). It means that it follows the same local clock, and abides the identical set of timekeeping rules.

A time zone is NOT an offset from GMT or UTC. The offset is just one characteristic of a timezone. Also, more than one offset would possibly apply, at completely different occasions of the year. e.g Summertime and Standard Time.

What is DST?
DST is the observe of advancing clocks during warmer months in order that darkness falls later each day in accordance with the clock. It means to set clocks forward by one hour within the spring and set clocks back by one hour in autumn with the intention to return to straightforward time. It was first carried out for Germany during the first world war with a view to save energy.

This observe remains to be used in North America and Western Europe, however Russia and most of Asia and Africa countries don't use DST.

e.g. MST and MDT

Mountain Customary Time = UTC -07:00
Mountain Daylight Time = UTC -06:00
or GMT and BST

Greenwich Imply Time = UTC +00:00
British Summer time Time = UTC +01:00
There are transitions, within the spring when DST takes effect, there is an hour in local time that does not exist, and a day that's only 23 hours long (transition starts). Within the fall the opposite happens a complete hour occurs twice on the identical day and that day is 25 hours long (transaction ends). It can be defined higher with this schema.

Daylight saving time shows us that we can not determine local time based mostly only on location. We've got to know if daylight saving time was in effect or special cases that apply.

Time zones can change
Governments typically change their minds, this is the principle reason why time zones guidelines change. Time zones are set by Governments so it is expected surprises and oddities. It might occur for various reasons such as commerce, non secular observations, political posturing, rebel, etc.

It implies that the time zone is decided by law so it is able to modify DST Rules, transitions, offsets, and alignments.

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